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Open Access Article
1 - Investigation of forest land use degradation due to dam construction using satellite images processing
mandana azizi Mohammad panahandehIdentify land uses and land use changes to investigate and monitor sensitive areas is essential for sustainable land planning and management. The main objective of this study is to investigate the land use changes caused by the construction of Shafarood Dam in the Hyrca MoreIdentify land uses and land use changes to investigate and monitor sensitive areas is essential for sustainable land planning and management. The main objective of this study is to investigate the land use changes caused by the construction of Shafarood Dam in the Hyrcanian forests in the north of Iran during a 17-year period using Landsat satellite imagery. To do this, three satellite imagery of the years 2000, 2013 and 2017 were used, and the corrections (geometric and atmospheric) were applied on the images and the map of the land use for each section in the region was prepared using the classification method of the maximum likelihood that the produced map have Kappa coefficient more than 86% and usage accuracy of 0.83. After classification, the comparison method was used to monitor the land use changes. The results revealed that in every three years, the most land cover of Shafarood watershed belongs to the forest class and in the next rank belongs to the rangeland class. As a result, the continuous decline of the forest class accured from 63.05 percent to 57.27 and 57.22 percent in the first section for the years 2013 and 2017 respectively. The continuous increase of the rock class (8.15-9.10-10.45) and bare lands (3.5- 4.47-5.08%) confirms it in the study area. Environmental challenges of constructing the Shafaroud dam is another emphasis on the importance of conducting advanced and specialized studies based on ecological methodologies and also increasing the decision makers awareness of Hyrcanian forests complexity which has formed in a very long-time period. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Spatial patterns of trees and height story competition over forest developmental stages in the mixed stands of Guilan
Maryam Kazempour Larsary Kambiz Taheri Abkenar Reza Akhavan Hassan pourbabaeiSpatial patterns of trees and their interactions specifically reflect mortality, gap creation, resource use, and also determine population dynamics such as seed dispersal, understory development, initial survival and establishment, growth, and competition. In this study MoreSpatial patterns of trees and their interactions specifically reflect mortality, gap creation, resource use, and also determine population dynamics such as seed dispersal, understory development, initial survival and establishment, growth, and competition. In this study, three one-hectare sample plots in the three stages of early development, maturity and decay were selected in an untouched mixed beech forest in order to consider competition of trees from different height stories along developmental stages and all trees with a diameter at breast height (DBH) larger than 7.5 cm by species were measured based on chest diameter, height and determination of cartesian coordinates using distance-azimuth method. Then, these stems data were first divided into three groups (lower, middle and upper stories) depending on their location in the vertical strata. The spatial patterns and spatial associations were analyzed among different tree height classes using univariate and bivariate Ripley’s K-function. Results showed that spatial pattern varied with canopy strata and scales in different development stages. Positively spatial associations of Fagus orientalis at upper and lower stories in initial and optimal staged and also among F. orientalis at upper and middle stories in decay stages influenced by shade-tolerance characteristics, seed dispersal limitation and the role of larger nurse trees as a shelter of small trees. Competition for resources was observed between Fagus orientalis at the middle story and Carpinus betulus at upper story in the all development stages. Recognizing spatial pattern and natural events guided by nature over time are necessary to carry out targeted forestry operations and In proportion to the evolutionary stages of forest stands. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Detection and prediction of forest level changes in Guilan province using satellite images and geomod model
sahar abdollahi Vahid NasiriFollowing the rapid economic and social development in recent decades, human activity to use natural resources has been reflected in the form of infrastructure and agricultural activities. This has severely affected forests as an important ecosystem which are considered MoreFollowing the rapid economic and social development in recent decades, human activity to use natural resources has been reflected in the form of infrastructure and agricultural activities. This has severely affected forests as an important ecosystem which are considered potential environmental resources for future evolution. The purpose of this study is to detect changes of Guilan province forest levels during a period of 20 years (1996-2016), also modeling and predict these changes for the next 15 years using the geomod model. Landsat TM and OLI sensor images were used to prepare land use maps for 1996, 2006, and 2016 periods. Satellite images were classified into forest and non-forest classes using the maximum likelihood method and multiple educational samples. The geomod model was simulated based on the changes made in the period 1996-2006, changes in forest cover using the variables of height, slope, direction, distance from residential, distance from a road, distance from forest, with implementation for 2016. The predicted validation results of the forest cover map in 2016 is indicator the overall accuracy and value of the kappa index equal to 94.19% and 0.9159, respectively. Based on the results of detecting changes during the study period (1996-2016), 1054.97 hectares of forest area in Guilan province has been reduced and with the continuation of this trend and stable conditions in the next 15 years until 2031, another 871 hectares will be reduced from its level. Given the importance role of Hyrcanian forests, it is necessary to conduct multi-time studies to monitor and detect changes. Obviously, the information from such studies can be used in managerial and strategic planning. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Investigation of Loss of Extracted Wood, Biomass and Carbon Storage of Commercial Trunk of Hornbeam and Date-plum Species in Astara Forests
Seyede Nasrin GhaznaviIn current study, in order to accurately estimate of the volume, loss of extracted wood, biomass, carbon sequestration and extraction of allometric equations of hornbeam and date-plum species, 17 trees from each of the mentioned species in parcel 729 of the series seven MoreIn current study, in order to accurately estimate of the volume, loss of extracted wood, biomass, carbon sequestration and extraction of allometric equations of hornbeam and date-plum species, 17 trees from each of the mentioned species in parcel 729 of the series seven of the watershed number one of Astara forests were selected and after measuring the diameter and height their volume measured, using volume equation. The selected trees were then fallen and the volume of trees measured again. Finally, after converting trees trunk into smaller portable parts by mules, the volume of extracted wood was measured again and statistically compared with analysis of variance. Also, after weighing the fresh weight of the total parts, 4 cm disc samples were taken from the diameter in breast height of the trees and after weighing the initial weight and drying the samples in the oven at 80 ° C, the samples biomass were calculated. Carbon stock of the samples was measured by burning method in an electric kiln and the amounts of biomass and carbon sequestration were generalized to all trees. The allometric equations of the biomass of the two species were also extracted using the exponential function. Based on the results, the average loss of hornbeam and date-plum wood was estimated to be 42% and 32%, respectively. The total reserves of carbon and carbon dioxide deposited by the two species were estimated at 60 and 220 tons per hectare, respectively. In addition, the extracted allometric equations provided a high coefficient of explanation (>0.9) for both species. The results of the present study show the high loss of extracted wood and the high accuracy of the extracted allometric equations in estimating the biomass of the studied species. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Basic parameters of selecting urban forest park location based on sustainable development components
MAHNAZ BEIGI mehrdad khanmohammadi Mahmood HashemiDetermining suitable land uses in order to make optimal use of the land and prevent the destruction of resources is an effective step in the sustainable development strategy. On the other hand, ecotourism is considered as a tool to improve the social and economic level MoreDetermining suitable land uses in order to make optimal use of the land and prevent the destruction of resources is an effective step in the sustainable development strategy. On the other hand, ecotourism is considered as a tool to improve the social and economic levels of indigenous peoples and one of the most important positive effects of tourism in nature can be considered the protection of natural resources in the region. Accordingly, in this study, the introduction of global criteria for selecting the geographical location of forest parks to develop the tourism industry in the watershed or wider for ecotourism was examined. Due to the lack of comprehensive planning at the national level, urban service uses, including urban forest parks, face problems such as inadequate distribution and location, lack of such spaces in cities, and a per capita shortage of green space. Green space in urban areas is considered as a tool to reduce the stress of everyday life and is of great importance and attention. Due to this issue, it is necessary to construct urban green spaces, including urban forest parks, and select new locations with detailed studies and principled methods in cities. Choosing the right place is very important in reducing costs in setting up various activities. For this reason, it is one of the most important and effective steps in the implementation of projects. In this article, after stating the preliminary definitions of urban forest parks, the criteria and standards used worldwide in locating urban forest parks are discussed. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the location criteria of urban forest parks. The results indicate the importance of land use criteria, accessibility, topography, landscape, proximity to water resources, vegetation and so on. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Effects of Fire on Vegetation in the shanderman Forests
Nasrin Hajatpour shekari Hassan Pourbabaei Mehrdad Ghodskhah Daryaei Hamed AsadiThis study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effects of fire on the vegetation in Shanderman forests (Guilan province). For this purpose, 60 sampling plots of 400 m2 were taken in a random-systematic Method in the areas of burned and control. The plant sp MoreThis study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effects of fire on the vegetation in Shanderman forests (Guilan province). For this purpose, 60 sampling plots of 400 m2 were taken in a random-systematic Method in the areas of burned and control. The plant species present at the level of the samples were collected and identified, and their Life forms determined based on the Runkaeir's method. The results showed that 60 plant species were identified in the studied forest, 13 species (22%) only in the fire area, 5 species (8%) only in the control area, and 42 species (70%) were observed common in the both regions. The highest frequency belonged to Rosaceae and Poaceae families. In the study of the life forms of plant elements in the burned and control area, phanerophytes and hemicryptophytes were the most present in both regions. The results of the investigation of plant biodiversity indicators showed that the values of species diversity indicators in the burned area were higher than in the control area. DCA analysis showed that the composition of the vegetation in the burned area is not significantly different from the control area. Therefore, it can be concluded that after 12 years of the fire, the vegetation composition of the area has been restored and has become the same as the control area. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Investigating the effect of soil conditioners on the germination rate and percentage of Fraxinus excelsior seeds
Hamed Asadi salime rahimnezhad Seyed Mohammad Hojjati Hameid jalilvand Mojtaba MahmoudiDifferent fertilizers such as green, animal, chemical, biological and biochar are used in different nurseries to improve germination and growth. The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of soil conditioners on the germination rate and percentage of Frax MoreDifferent fertilizers such as green, animal, chemical, biological and biochar are used in different nurseries to improve germination and growth. The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of soil conditioners on the germination rate and percentage of Fraxinus excelsior seeds in forest nurseries. This experiment was carried out in Nursery Lajim, located in Sarjangalbani Kaslian, General Department of Natural Resources and Watershed of Swadkoh city. In this research, 20 soil conditioning treatments include rice husk to amount of 0.5% and 1% of soil volume, rice husk biochar to amount of 0.5%, 1% and 2% of soil volume, 150 and 300 grams of cow manure, minimum and maximum chemical fertilizer (minimum chemical fertilizer for super triple phosphate 0.6 grams, for ammonium sulfate 0.45 grams and potassium sulfate 0.45 grams and chemical fertilizer for triple superphosphate 1.2 grams, for ammonium sulfate 0.9 grams and potassium sulfate 0.9 grams) and the control treatment was considered with three repetitions. The seeds selected for the experiment were cultivated in the appropriate soil depth, by observing the first young seed on the 10th of April, counting of seeds has started. The quality of seed germination was leaf emergence. For statistical analysis, after checking the normality of the data and the homogeneity of variances using the Shapiro Wilk and Loon tests at the 95% probability level, one-way analysis of variance was used. If the data were significant, comparisons were made using Duncan's test. The results showed that the effect of soil conditioners on the speed and percentage of seed germination has a significant effect. The highest germination rate and percentage were observed in the treatments of 1.25% cow manure and 1% rice husk, 1% maximum chemical fertilizer and rice husk, 2% rice husk biochar and 1% rice husk biochar, and in general, the use of these materials had the greatest effect on seed Fraxinus excelsior. it is suggested to use organic materials such as rice husk and cow dung to increase the germination of Fraxinus excelsior seeds in forest nurseries. Manuscript profile
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